Children of mothers who had been diagnosed with anemia during pregnancy, most likely due to iron deficiency, had a significantly elevated risk of developing the mental disorder, the study's lead researcher Dr. Holger Srensen of the University Hospital of Copenhagen in Demark, told Reuters Health by email.
Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin, a protein that distributes oxygen throughout the body. Because a pregnant woman carries an additional set of organs and tissues -- and almost 50 percent more blood -- she needs extra iron to ensure that enough oxygen gets around.
"We speculate that maternal iron deficiency may disrupt essential pathways that affect the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus," Srensen said. Earlier research has suggested that a failure to meet the iron demands of a developing brain might heighten a child's vulnerability to disorders such as schizophrenia.

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